Survey, Static, Dynamic, and Interior Routing Protocols

Routing Protocols

• Routing protocols are essential for ensuring efficient and reliable communication in IoT networks.

• These protocols define the rules and processes for transmitting data from one device to another across the network.

• Given the diverse, and resource-constrained nature of IoT devices and applications, specialized routing protocols are developed to meet specific requirements such as energy efficiency, scalability, and low latency.

Survey Routing Protocols

• Survey routing protocols refer to the comprehensive study and categorization of various routing protocols designed for IoT networks.

• This involves analyzing different protocols based on their characteristics and suitability for specific IoT applications.

• The aim is to provide a detailed overview and comparison of existing routing protocols to help researchers, developers, and practitioners choose the most appropriate protocol for their IoT deployments.

Static Routing Protocols

• Static routing protocols involve manually configuring routes in network devices, such as routers or switches.

• Static routing involves manually configuring routes, offering simplicity but limited adaptability.

• On the other hand, dynamic routing protocols enable automatic route discovery and adjustment to network changes, providing scalability and optimized routing in complex environments.

• The choice between static and dynamic routing depends on the network's size, complexity, and the level of adaptability and automation required.

Dynamic Routing Protocols

• Dynamic routing protocols are algorithms used by routers and switches to dynamically exchange routing information and automatically adjust to changes in network topology.

• Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to discover network paths, determine the best routes, and adapt to network changes without manual intervention.

• Dynamic routing protocols play a crucial role in modern computer networks by providing automatic route discovery, adaptability, and resilience.

• They enable routers to dynamically exchange routing information, calculate optimal routes, and adapt to changes in network conditions.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocols

• Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) are a category of dynamic routing protocols used within a single autonomous system (SAS), such as an organization's internal network.

• Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) are a vital component of dynamic routing protocols, enabling routers within the same autonomous to exchange routing information and dynamically update their routing tables.

• IGPs play a critical role in optimizing routing decisions, discovering network topology, and ensuring efficient communication within the boundaries of a single administrative domain.

Distance Vector Routing

• A distance-vector routing protocol is a type of dynamic routing protocol used by routers to exchange routing information within a network.

• It operates based on the principles of "distance" and "vectors" to determine the best path to reach destination networks.

Characteristics of Distance Vector Routing Protocols

• Routing Table Exchange: Routers using distance vector protocols exchange routing information with neighboring routers.

• Each router maintains a routing table containing information about known destinations and their associated distances.

• Periodic Updates: Routers periodically broadcast routing updates to neighboring routers to inform them of any changes in network topology or routing information.

• These updates include the router's known destinations and their associated distances.

• Split Horizon and Poison Reverse: Distance vector protocols implement mechanisms like split horizon and poison reverse to prevent routing loops and ensure loop-free routing.

Examples of Distance Vector Routing Protocols

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP).

Link State Routing Protocols

• Link state routing protocols are a type of dynamic routing protocol used in computer networks to determine the best paths to reach destination networks. 

• Link state routing protocols are dynamic routing protocols that use detailed knowledge of the network's topology to calculate the best paths to destination networks.

• Link state protocols are well suited for large and complex networks where efficient routing and fast convergence are critical.

Examples of Link state Routing Protocols

• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): A widely used link-state using routing protocol in IP networks.

• Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS): Another link-state routing protocol commonly used in large networks.

Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols

• Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) are a category of dynamic routing protocols used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (ASes) on the internet or large-scale networks.

• Unlike Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), which manage routing within a single AS, EGPs facilitate routing between ASes and are responsible for inter-domain routing.

• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the primary EGP used for this purpose, providing scalability, flexibility, and robustness in facilitating global connectivity.

Path Vector Routing Protocol

• Path vector routing protocols are key components of inter-domain routing on the internet, with BGP being the most prominent example.

• These protocols provide policy-based routing and flexible route selection capabilities, but they also come with challenges such as complexity, slow convergence, and resource consumption.

• Path vector routing protocols are a type of exterior gateway routing protocol used for inter-domain routing.

Conclusion

Now we have a detailed understanding of Static, Dyanamic, Path Vector Routing Protocols, Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGPs), Distance Vector Routing Protocols, and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).